9/20/2023 0 Comments Estrogen and caffeine half lifeConclusionsįindings suggest that intake of green tea may modify estrogen metabolism or conjugation and in this way may influence breast cancer risk.īreast cancer is the leading cancer diagnosis among women worldwide. Adjustment for potential confounders (age at menarche, parity/age at first birth, body mass index, Asian birthplace, soy) did not change these associations. In postmenopausal women, urinary estrone and estradiol were approximately 20% and 40% lower (P trend = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively) in women drinking green tea daily compared to those drinking <1 time/week. In premenopausal women, intake of green tea was associated with lower luteal total EM (P trend = 0.01) and lower urinary 16-pathway EM (P trend = 0.01). We fit robust regression models to each log-transformed EM concentration (picomoles per mg creatinine), adjusting for age and study center. We examined the associations of green tea intake (<1 time/week, 1-6 times weekly, or 7+ times weekly) with urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites (jointly EM) in a cross-sectional sample of healthy Japanese American women, including 119 premenopausal women in luteal phase and 72 postmenopausal women. Supporting the research were the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements, the NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences.Intake of green tea may reduce the risk of breast cancer polyphenols in this drink can influence enzymes that metabolize estrogens, known causal factors in breast cancer etiology. The study, which included scientists at the University of Illinois at Chicago, was published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. More research is needed, but these findings are good news for women who take hops for relief of menopause symptoms.” “So we can say that hop dietary supplements are not expected to produce any harmful drug interactions, at least with respect to the enzymes probed during this investigation. “Under FDA guidelines, the hop dietary supplement caused no clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions” said co-author Luying Chen, a Ph.D. Guidelines for clinical studies of drug interactions involving CYP enzymes have been set by the U.S. Thankfully, no enzyme inhibition was detected.” “Then we repeated the trial with hops after the participants took a hops extract twice daily for two weeks. Once to see how these women metabolized the drugs normally,” van Breemen explained. The drugs were caffeine alprazolam, an anti-anxiety medicine sold under the trade name Xanax dextromethorphan, an over-the-counter cough suppressant and tolbutamide, a medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes. To determine hops’ effect on drug-metabolizing enzymes, the scientists gave 16 research subjects a cocktail of four drugs, each one primarily metabolized by a different enzyme in a family of enzymes known as cytochrome P450s. Because these botanical supplements are made from plants, many people don’t think of the possibility of drug interactions when they take them. The long half-life means hops supplements may still be found in the bloodstream when women take drugs they are prescribed. “There is additional concern because we know the compounds in hops have a long half-life in humans, possibly more than 20 hours after taking them.” “There are reports from other lab studies that compounds from hops may inhibit or deactivate certain drug-metabolizing enzymes,” said the study’s lead investigator and corresponding author, Richard van Breemen, director and principal investigator of the Linus Pauling Institute. Phytoestrogens are plant-based compounds that mimic the action of female sex hormones, whose deficiency is at the root of symptoms often felt by women in menopause, which also include sleep disturbances, fatigue and vaginal dryness. Supplements made from hops can be effective for alleviating menopausal symptoms because hops contain phytoestrogens. Hops are the flowers of the hop plant and are what give beer its bitter flavor. Some studies have suggested hormone replacement therapy puts women at an increased risk for breast cancer and cardiovascular disease, sparking interest in alternative treatments. The findings are important because while hormone replacement therapy remains the standard of care for menopausal patients, not all women are good candidates for it. – Hop-based dietary supplements that many women use to ease the night sweats and hot flashes commonly reported during menopause aren’t likely to cause drug interactions, new research from Oregon State University’s Linus Pauling Institute and College of Pharmacy shows.
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